Kia Optima Hybrid: Cylinder Head Assembly / Cylinder Head Repair procedures

Kia Optima Hybrid (TF HEV) 2016-2020 Service Manual / Engine Mechanical System / Cylinder Head Assembly / Cylinder Head Repair procedures

Removal

•	Use fender covers to avoid damaging painted surfaces.

•	To avoid damaging the cylinder head, wait until the engine coolant temperature drops below normal temperature before removing it.

•	When handling a metal gasket, take care not to fold the gasket or damage the contact surface of the gasket.

•	To avoid damage, unplug the wiring connectors carefully while holding the connector portion.

Mark all wiring and hoses to avoid misconnection.

•	Be sure to read and follow the “General Safety Information and Caution” before doing any work related with the high voltage system. Failure to follow the safety instructions may result in serious electrical injuries."

•	Be sure to shut off the high voltage circuit according to the “High Voltage Shut-off Procedures” before doing any work related with the high voltage system to avoid serious electrical injuries.

1.	Shut off the High Voltage circuit (Refer to “High Voltage Shutoff Procedure” in this group).

2.	Remove the engine cover.

3.	Remove the air duct and the air cleaner assembly. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

4.	Remove the under covers. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

5.	Remove the RH front wheel. (Refer to SS group - "Wheel")

6.	Loosen the drain plug, and drain the engine coolant. Remove the radiator cap to help drain the coolant faster. (Refer to Cooling system in this group)

7.	Disconnect the radiator upper hose and lower hose. (Refer to Cooling system in this group)

Disconnect the wiring connectors and harness clamps, and remove the wiring and protectors from the cylinder head and intake manifold.

(1)	The intake oil control valve (OCV) connector (A).

(2)	The exhaust oil control valve (OCV) connector (A).

(3)	The oil pressure switch (OPS) connector (A), the A/C compressor switch connector (B) and the hybrid starter generator (HSG) sensor connector (C).

(4)	The injector connectors (A).

(5)	The ignition coil connectors (A).

(6)	The electronic throttle control (ETC) connector (A), the manifold absolute pressure sensor (MAPS) & intake air temperature sensor (IATS) connector (B), the knock sensor connector (C) and the intake camshaft position sensor (CMPS) connector (D).

(7)	The engine coolant temperature sensor (ECTS) connector (A), the condenser connector (B), the crankshaft position sensor(CKPS) connector (C), the oxygen sensor connectors (D), the exhaust camshaft position sensor(CMPS) connector (E) and the purge control solenoid valve(PCSV) connector (F).

9.	Disconnect the heater hoses. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

10.	Disconnect the fuel hose (A) and the purge control solenoid valve(PCSV) hose (B).

11.	Disconnect the water hoses (A).

12.	Remove the water temperature control assembly (A).

13.	Remove the timing chain. (Refer to Timing system in this group)

14.	Remove the intake and exhaust manifold. (Refer to Intake and exhaust system in this group)

15.

Remove the intake CVVT assembly (A) and exhaust CVVT assembly (B).

When removing the CVVT assembly bolt, prevent the camshaft from rotating by using a wrench at position A.

16.

Remove the camshaft.

(1)	Remove the front camshaft bearing cap (A) with the upper bearing (B).

(2)	Remove the camshaft bearing cap (A) in the sequence shown.

(3)	Remove the camshafts (A).

(4)	Remove the exhaust camshaft lower bearing (A).

17.	Remove the intake oil control valve (OCV) (A) using a torx wrench.

18.	Remove the exhaust oil control valve (OCV) (A) using a torx wrench.

19.	Remove the intake camshaft position sensor (CMPS) (A).

20.	Remove the exhaust camshaft position sensor (CMPS) (A) after removing the engine hanger and cam position sensor cover (B).

21.

Remove the cylinder head.

(1)

Using triple square wrench, uniformly loosen and remove the 10 cylinder head bolts, in several passes, in the sequence shown. Remove the 10 cylinder head bolts and plate washers.

Head warpage or cracking could result from removing bolts in an incorrect order.

(2)

Lift the cylinder head (A) from the dowels on the cylinder block and place the cylinder head on wooden blocks on a bench.

Be careful not to damage the contact surfaces of the cylinder head and cylinder block.

(3)	Remove the cylinder head gasket (B).

Disassembly

Identify MLA(Mechanical Lash Adjuster), valves, valve springs as they are removed so that each item can be reinstalled in its original position.

1.	Remove the MLAs (A).

Remove the valves.

(1)	Using SST (09222-3K000, 09222-3K100), compress the valve spring and remove retainer lock.

(2)	Remove the spring retainer.

(3)	Remove the valve spring.

(4)	Remove the valve.

(5)

Using needle-nose pliers, remove the valve stem seal.

Do not reuse old valve stem seals.

Inspection

Cylinder Head

Inspect for flatness.

Using a precision straight edge and feeler gauge, measure the contacting surface of the cylinder block and the manifolds for warpage.

Flatness of cylinder head gasket surface

Standard : Less than 0.05mm (0.0019in.) for total area

Less than 0.02mm (0.0007in.) for a section of 100mm (3.9370in.) X 100mm (3.9370in.)

Flatness of manifold mounting surface (Intake/Exhaust)

Standard : Less than 0.10mm (0.0039in.)

2.	Inspect for cracks. Check the combustion chamber, intake ports, exhaust ports and cylinder block surface for cracks. If cracked, replace the cylinder head.

Valve And Valve Spring

Inspect valve stems and valve guides.

(1)

Using a caliper gauge, measure the inside diameter of the valve guide.

Valve guide inner diameter

Intake / Exhaust : 5.500 ~ 5.512mm (0.21654 ~ 0.21701in.)

(2)

Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of the valve stem.

Valve stem outer diameter

Intake : 5.465 ~ 5.480mm (0.21516 ~ 0.21575in.)

Exhaust : 5.458 ~ 5.470mm (0.214988 ~ 0.21535in.)

(3)

Subtract the valve stem diameter measurement from the valve guide inside diameter measurement.

Valve stem-to-guide clearance

[Standard]

Intake : 0.020 ~ 0.047mm (0.00078 ~ 0.00185in.)

Exhaust : 0.030 ~ 0.054mm (0.00118 ~ 0.00212in.)

[Limit]

Intake : 0.070mm (0.00275in.)

Exhaust : 0.090mm (0.00354in.)

If the clearance is greater than maximum, replace the valve or cylinder head.

Inspect the valves.

(1)	Check the valve is ground to the correct valve face angle.

(2)	Check that the surface of the valve for wear. If the valve face is worn, replace the valve.

(3)

Check the valve head margin thickness.

Valve head thickness (Margin)

[Standard]

Intake : 1.02mm (0.0401in.)

Exhaust : 1.09mm (0.0429in.)

If the margin thickness is less than minimum, replace the valve.

(4)

Check the valve length.

Valve length

[Standard]

Intake : 113.18mm (4.4559in.)

Exhaust : 105.84mm (4.1669in.)

[Limit]

Intake : 112.93mm (4.4461in.)

Exhaust : 105.59m (4.1571in.)

(5)	Check the surface of the valve stem tip for wear. If the valve stem tip is worn, replace the valve.

Inspect the valve seats

(1)	Check the valve seat for evidence of overheating and improper contact with the valve face. Replace the cylinder head if necessary.

(2)	Check the valve guide for wear. If the valve guide is worn, replace the cylinder head.

Inspect the valve springs.

(1)	Using a steel square, measure the out-of-square of the valve spring.

(2)

Using a vernier calipers, measure the free length of the valve spring.

Valve spring

[Standard]

Free height : 44.45mm (1.7500in.)

Out-of-square : Less than 1.5°

If the free length is not as specified, replace the valve spring.

MLA (Mechanical Lash Adjuster)

Inspect the MLA.

Using a micrometer, measure the MLA outside diameter.

MLA outer diameter :

31.964 ~ 31.980mm (1.2584 ~ 1.2590in.)

Using a caliper gauge, measure MLA tappet bore inner diameter of cylinder head.

Tappet bore inner diameter :

32.000 ~ 32.025mm (1.2598 ~ 1.2608in.)

Subtract MLA outside diameter measurement from tappet bore inside diameter measurement.

MLA to tappet bore clearance

[Standard] : 0.020 ~ 0.061mm (0.00078 ~ 0.00240in.)

[Limit] : 0.070mm (0.00275in.)

Camshaft

Inspect the cam lobes.

Using a micrometer, measure the cam lobe height.

Cam height

[Standard value]

Intake : 43.20 ~ 43.40mm (1.7008 ~ 1.7087in.)

Exhaust : 44.40 ~ 44.60mm (1.7480 ~ 1.7559in.)

If the cam lobe height is less than standard, replace the camshaft.

2.	Check the surface of the camshaft jurnal for wear. If the jurnal is worn excessively, replace the camshaft.

Inspect the camshaft journal clearance.

(1)	Clean the bearing caps and camshaft journals.

(2)	Place the camshafts on the cylinder head.

(3)	Lay a strip of plastigage across each of the camshaft journal.

(4)

Install the bearing caps.

Do not turn the camshaft

(5)	Remove the bearing caps.

(6)

Measure the plastigage at its widest point.

Bearing oil clearance

[Standard value]

Intake :

No.1 : 0.022 ~ 0.057mm (0.00087 ~ 0.00224in.)

No.2, 3, 4, 5 : 0.045 ~ 0.082mm (0.00177 ~ 0.00323in.)

Exhaust:

No.1 : 0 ~ 0.032mm (0 ~ 0.00126in.)

No.2, 3, 4, 5 : 0.045 ~ 0.082mm (0.00177 ~ 0.00323in.)

[Limit]

Intake:

No.1 : 0.090mm (0.00354in.)

No.2, 3, 4, 5 : 0.120mm (0.00472in.)

Exhaust :

No.1 : 0.090mm (0.00354in.)

No.2, 3, 4, 5 : 0.120mm (0.00472in.)

If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the camshaft. If necessary, replace cylinder head.

(7)	Completely remove the plastigage.

(8)	Remove the camshafts.

Inspect the camshaft end play.

(1)	Install the camshafts.

(2)

Using a dial indicator, measure the end play while moving the camshaft back and forth.

Camshaft end play

[Standard value] : 0.04 ~ 0.16mm (0.0016 ~ 0.0063in.)

[Limit] : 0.20mm (0.0078in.)

If the end play is greater than maximum, replace the camshaft. If necessary, replace cylinder head.

(3)	Remove the camshafts.

Exhaust Camshaft Bearing

Check the cylinder head bore mark.

Cylinder Head Bore Identification Mark

Cylinder Head Specifications

Class	Mark	Exhaust No.1 Inside Diameter Of Cylinder Head Bore
a	A	40.000 ~ 40.008mm (1.57480 ~ 1.5751in.)
b	B	40.008 ~ 40.016mm (1.57511 ~ 1.57543in.)
c	C	40.016 ~ 40.021mm (1.57543 ~ 1.57563in.)

Select class of camshaft bearing same as class of cylinder head as shown on the table below.

Exhaust Camshaft Bearing Identification Mark

Exhaust Camshaft Bearing Specifications

Cylinder Head Bore Class	Bearing Class For Installing (Color)	Thickness Of Bearing
a (A)	C (Green)	1.996~2.000mm (0.07858~0.07874in.)
b (B)	B (None)	2.000~2.004mm (0.07874~0.07890in.)
c (C)	A (Black)	2.004~2.008mm (0.07890~0.07905in.)

Oil clearance : 0 ~ 0.032mm (0 ~ 0.00126in.)

Continuously variable valve timing (CVVT) Assembly

Inspect the CVVT for smooth rotation.

(1)	Clamp the camshaft using a vise. Be careful not to damage the cam lobes and journals in the vise.

(2)	Check that the CVVT is locked by turning it clockwise or counterclockwise. It must not rotate.

(3)	Intake CVVT : Seal one of the two advance holes in the camshaft journal with tape. Exhaust CVVT : Seal one of the two retard holes in the camshaft journal with tape. [Intake] [Exhaust]

(4)

Intake CVVT : Apply approx. 150 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm?, 21 psi ) of compressed air into the unsealed advance hole to release the lock.

Exhaust CVVT : Apply approx. 150 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm?, 21 psi ) of compressed air into the unsealed retard hole to release the lock.

Cover the oil paths with a piece of cloth when applying compressed air to prevent oil from spraying.

(5)

Intake CVVT : With compressed air applied, rotate the CVVT into the advance direction (counterclockwise) within its phasing range and check that the CVVT turns smoothly.

Exhaust CVVT : With compressed air applied, rotate the CVVT into the retard direction (clockwise) and check that the CVVT turns smoothly.

CVVT phasing range

Intake : 22.5°±1° (from the most retarded position to the most advanced position)

Exhaust : 20°±1° (from the most advanced position to the most retarded position)

(6)	Intake CVVT : Rotate the CVVT into the most retarded position (clockwise) and then check that the CVVT is locked. Exhaust CVVT : Rotate the CVVT into the most advanced position (counterclockwise) and then check that the CVVT is locked.

Reassembly

Thoroughly clean all parts to be assembled.

Before installing the parts, apply fresh engine oil to all sliding and rotating surfaces.

Replace oil seals with new ones.

Install valves.

(1)

Using SST(09222-4A000), push in a new oil seal.

•	Do not reuse old valve stem seals.

•	Incorrect installation of the seal could result in oil leakage past the valve guides.

(2)

Install the valve, valve spring and spring retainer.

Place valve springs so that the side coated with enamel faces toward the valve spring retainer and then installs the retainer.

(3)

Using the SST (09222-3K000, 09222-3K100), compress the spring and install the retainer locks. After installing the valves, ensure that the retainer locks are correctly in place before releasing the valve spring compressor.

Do not press down the valve spring retainer more than 10mm (0.4in.).

(4)	Lightly tap the end of each valve stem two or three times with the wooden handle of a hammer to ensure proper seating of the valve and retainer lock.

Install the MLAs after appling engine oil.

Check that the MLA rotates smoothly by hand.

MLA can be reinstalled in its original position.

However, the valve lash clearances must be rechecked and adjusted accordingly before the cylinder head is installed onto the cylinder block.

Refer to General information in EM section for Valve Clearance checking and adjustment procedure.

Installation

•	Thoroughly clean all parts to be assembled.

•	Always use a new head and manifold gasket.

•	The cylinder head gasket is a metal gasket. Take care not to bend it.

•	Always use new cylinder head bolts. Cylinder head bolts are toque-to-yield bolts designed to be permanently elongated beyond the state of elasticity when torqued, so if the bolts are removed and reused, it may cause the bolts to break or fail to maintain clamping force.

•	Rotate the crankshaft, set the No.1 piston at TDC.

Install the oil control valve(OCV) filter.

Keep the oil control valve(OCV) filter clean.

Install the cylinder head gasket (A) on the cylinder block.

•	Be careful of the installation direction.

•	Apply liquid gasket (Loctite 5900H or equivalent) on the edge of cylinder head gasket upside and downside. (At the position ''B'')

•	After applying sealant, assemble the cylinder head in five minutes.

3.	Place the cylinder head carefully in order not to damage the gasket with the bottom part of the end.

Install cylinder head bolts.

(1)	Do not apply engine oil on the the cylinder head bolts.

(2)	Using the SST(09221-4A000), tighten the cylinder head bolts and plate washers, in several passes, in the sequence shown.

Tightening torque :

32.4~36.3Nm (3.3~3.7kgf.m, 23.9~26.8lb-ft) + 90~95° + 90~95°

Always use new cylinder head bolts. Cylinder head bolts are toque-to-yield bolts designed to be permanently elongated beyond the state of elasticity when torqued, so if the bolts are removed and reused, it may cause the bolts to break or fail to maintain clamping force.

Install the intake camshaft position sensor (CMPS) (A).

Tightening torque :

9.8 ~ 11.8N.m (1.0 ~ 1.2kgf.m, 7.2 ~ 8.7lb-ft)

Install the exhaust camshaft position sensor (CMPS) (A) and the engine hanger and cam position sensor cover (B).

Tightening torque :

Bolt A : 9.8 ~ 11.8N.m (1.0 ~ 1.2kgf.m, 7.2 ~ 8.7lb-ft)

Bolt B : 27.5 ~ 31.4N.m (2.8 ~ 3.2kgf.m, 20.3 ~ 23.1lb-ft)

Install the intake oil control valve (OCV) (A).

Tightening torque :

9.8 ~ 11.8N.m (1.0 ~ 1.2kgf.m, 7.2 ~ 8.7lb-ft)

Install the exhaust oil control valve (OCV) (A).

Tightening torque :

9.8 ~ 11.8N.m (1.0 ~ 1.2kgf.m, 7.2 ~ 8.7lb-ft)

•	Do not reuse the oil control valve (OCV) when dropped.

•	Keep the oil control valve (OCV) filter clean.

•	Do not hold the oil control valve (OCV) sleeve (A) during servicing.

•	When the oil control valve (OCV) is installed on the engine, do not move the engine with holding the oil control valve(OCV) yoke.

Install the camshafts.

Apply a light coat of engine oil on camshaft journals.

(1)	Install the exhaust camshaft lower bearing (A).

(2)	Install the camshafts (A).

(3)	Install the exhaust camshaft upper bearing (A) to the front bearing cap.

(4)

Install camshaft bearing caps (A) in their proper locations.

Tightening order

Group A > Group B > Group C.

Tightening torque :

Step 1

M6 : 5.9N.m (0.6kgf.m, 4.3lb-ft)

M8 : 14.7N.m (1.5kgf.m, 10.8lb-ft)

Step 2

M6 : 10.8 ~ 12.7N.m (1.1 ~ 1.3kgf.m, 8.0 ~ 9.4lb-ft)

M8 : 27.5 ~ 31.4N.m (2.8 ~ 3.2kgf.m, 20.3 ~ 23.1lb-ft)

Be careful not to change the position and direction of bearing caps.

10.

Install the intake CVVT assembly (A) and exhaust CVVT assembly (B).

Tightening torque :

53.9 ~ 63.7N.m (5.5 ~ 6.5kgf.m, 39.7 ~ 47.0lb-ft)

When installing the CVVT assembly bolt, prevent the camshaft from rotating by using a wrench at position A.

11.	Install the intake and exhaust manifold. (Refer to Intake and exhaust system in this group)

12.	Install the timing chain. (Refer to Timing system in this group)

13.	Check and adjust the valve clearance. (Refer to General information in this group)

14.

Install the water temperature control assembly (A).

Tightening torque :

Bolts : 14.7 ~ 19.6N.m (1.5 ~ 2.0kgf.m, 10.8 ~ 14.5lb-ft)

Nut : 18.6 ~ 23.5N.m (1.9 ~ 2.4kgf.m, 13.7 ~ 17.4lb-ft)

15.

Install cylinder head cover.

(1)	The hardening sealant located on the upper area between timing chain cover and cylinder head should be removed before assembling cylinder head cover.

(2)

After applying sealant (Loctite 5900H or equivalent), it should be assembled within 5 minutes.

Bead width : 2.5mm (0.10in.)

(3)

Install the cylinder head cover (A) by tightening the bolts as following method.

Tightening torque :

1st step : 3.9 ~ 5.9N.m(0.4 ~ 0.6kgf.m, 2.9 ~ 4.3lb-ft)

2nd step : 7.8 ~ 9.8N.m(0.8 ~ 1.0kgf.m, 5.8 ~ 7.2lb-ft)

•	Do not reuse cylinder head cover gasket.

•	The firing and/or blow out test should not be performed within 30 minutes after the cylinder head cover was assembled.

16.	Connect the water hoses (A). (if equipped)

17.	Connect the fuel hose (A) and the purge control solenoid valve (PCSV) hose (B).

18.	Connect the heater hoses. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

19.

Connect the wiring connectors and harness clamps, and install the wiring and protectors to the cylinder head and intake manifold.

(1)	The intake oil control valve (OCV) connector (A).

(2)	The exhaust oil control valve (OCV) connector (A).

(3)	The oil pressure switch (OPS) connector (A), the A/C compressor switch connector (B) and the hybrid searter generator (HSG) sensor connector (C).

(4)	The injector connectors (A).

(5)	The ignition coil connectors (A).

(6)	The electronic throttle control (ETC) connector (A), the manifold absolute pressure sensor (MAPS) & intake air temperature sensor (IATS) connector (B), the knock sensor connector (C) and the intake camshaft position sensor (CMPS) connector (D).

(7)	The engine coolant temperature sensor (ECTS) connector (A), the condenser connector (B), the crankshaft position sensor (CKPS) connector (C), the oxygen sensor connectors (D), the exhaust camshaft position sensor (CMPS) connector (E) and the purge control solenoid valve (PCSV) connector (F).

20.	Connect the radiator upper hose and lower hose. (Refer to Cooling system in this group)

21.	Install the RH front wheel. (Refer to SS group - "Wheel")

22.	Install the under covers. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

23.	Install the air duct and the air cleaner assembly. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

24.	Install the engine cover.

25.	Connect the battery negative terminal in the right side luggage trim. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

26.	Install the safety plug in the trunk. (Refer to Engine and transaxle assembly in this group)

27.

Add all the necessary fluids and check for leaks. Connect GDS. Check for codes, note, and clear. Recheck.

•	Refill engine with engine oil.

•	Refill an engine radiator and a reservoir tank with coolant.

•	Clean battery posts and cable terminals and assemble.

•	Inspect for fuel leakage.

–	After assemble the fuel line, turn on the ignition switch (do not operate the starter) so that the fuel pump runs for approximately two seconds and fuel line pressurizes.

–	Repeat this operation two or three times, then check for fuel leakage at any point in the fuel line.

•	Bleed air from the cooling system.

–	Start engine and let it run until it warms up. (until the radiator fan operates 3 or 4 times.)

–	Turn Off the engine. Check the level in the radiator, add coolant if needed. This will allow trapped air to be removed from the cooling system.

–	Put radiator cap on tightly, then run the engine again and check for leaks.

Cylinder Head Components and Components Location

Components 1. Camshaft bearing cap2. Camshaft front bearing cap3. Exhaust camshaft4. Intake camshaft5. Exhaust CVVT assembly6. Intake CVVT assembly7. Exhaust camshaft upper bearing8. Exhaust camshaft lower ...

Cylinder Block

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